Scientists are using non-thermal plasma to produce fertiliser and long-chain hydrocarbons. Mason Wakley talks to the chemists harnessing the fourth state of matter
Plasma – the little‑seen fourth state of matter – is fast emerging as a powerful tool for cleaner, electrified chemistry. From producing ammonia and nitric acid using only air, water and renewable electricity, to turning biogas into valuable long‑chain hydrocarbons and even priming seeds for faster, healthier growth, researchers and start-ups are tapping plasma’s unique reactivity to rethink energy‑intensive industrial processes. As momentum builds across chemical synthesis, agriculture and beyond, this once‑niche technology is edging towards a much broader role in a low‑carbon future.